Baby Boomers Spend More on Weed Than Any Other Group
Scientific discipline & Health
College Students Who Use Marijuana Show Signs Of Greater Motivation Compared To Non-Users, Report Finds
Researchers are again challenging the idea that people who smoke marijuana lack motivation, with a contempo report suggesting that the opposite may exist true.
The study, published in the journal Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, tested the stereotype by recruiting 47 college students—25 frequent cannabis consumers and 22 non-users—and asking them to participate in a series of behavioral assessments known as Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task.
Past studies on the issue have "used divergent methodology and have not controlled for fundamental confounding variables," the researchers wrote. This new written report sought to adjust for those variables and plant that "by-calendar month cannabis days and cannabis employ disorder symptoms predicted the likelihood of selecting a high-endeavor trial."
In other words, frequent marijuana consumers were actually more likely than the command group to select tasks that signal higher levels of motivation.
"The results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that college students who use cannabis are more likely to expend endeavour to obtain reward, even afterwards controlling for the magnitude of the advantage and the probability of reward receipt," they wrote. "Thus, these results do not back up the amotivational syndrome hypothesis."
"Contrary to the amotivational syndrome hypothesis, college students using more cannabis were more probable to select the high-effort choice option, regardless of the reward magnitude, probability, and expected value of the overall reward. Although there was non a significant departure between cannabis use groups, in that location was a medium sized issue, lending consistent support for an association between cannabis use and greater high-effort choices."
The study authors at the University of Memphis did caveat that the results don't necessarily indicate that frequent cannabis users employ "impairment-free goal-directed behavior," however. And they said more studies with larger sample groups should exist pursued.
On a related note, a study published in 2019 found that people who use marijuana report that consuming earlier or afterwards exercising improves the experience and aids in recovery. And those who practise apply cannabis to elevate their workout tend to become a healthier amount of exercise.
A 2020 written report of older Americans also found that cannabis consumers tended to practice more formal practice and appoint in more physical activities than non-consumers during the course of a four-month trial.
Another report published last twelvemonth like concluded that adolescent use of cannabis "did non predict changes in motivation, which suggests that cannabis use may not lead to reductions in motivation over time."
South Dakota Senate Approves Marijuana Legalization And Expungements Bills, While House Defeats Tax Measure
Politics
Pinnacle Federal Drug Agency Funds Research On Differing Legal Marijuana Regulatory Models
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is renewing its button to promote federally funded research into marijuana as more states enact reform—specifically expressing interest in studies on differing cannabis regulatory models that are in identify across the country.
In a notice of interest published on Fri, the agency outlined the types of study proposals information technology hopes to fund and gave instructions to researchers on how to apply. NIDA said the guidance is informed by recommendations from a workgroup it set upwardly to explore the issue in 2018.
The written report solicitation is almost identical to 1 NIDA put out in 2019, but that earlier find expired last month. Plainly the bureau is committed to seeing these inquiry objectives through and has renewed them with the new filing.
NIDA'southward observe is meant to "encourage grant applications on the effects of irresolute cannabis laws and policies in the US and globally on public health," it said.
"Policies around of cannabis products (including whole establish cannabis and cannabis constituent compounds) in the United States (and globally) continue to evolve, and far outpace the knowledge needed to determine the public health impacts of these changes," the notice says. "Growing numbers of states have loosened restrictions on cannabis, including those on sales and utilise, by passing medical marijuana laws or by making cannabis legal for adult recreational use, and in increasing numbers, states have done both."
Examples of potential studies include developing standardized methods of measuring marijuana and its components, enhancing epidemiological research on cannabis employ, determining "concrete and mental health antecedents" of marijuana apply, exploring the reasons people start to eat cannabis and go on to utilise it for therapeutic purposes and several other health-focused topics.
Interestingly, NIDA too again said it would be interested in funding research into "the heterogeneity of regulatory schemes (eastward.chiliad. models for retail distribution of cannabis products) to understand which combinations or components minimize impairment to public health."
The reason that's notable is because it's another instance of a federal agency effectively recognizing the inevitability of legalization and the need to beginning seriously thinking about regulatory models for cannabis.
NIDA emphasized that researchers must comply with the standard THC unit of five milligrams, which it developed and put into place terminal year, in club to conduct studies with human subjects.
Of course, even as NIDA encourages this kind of research, the head of the agency has repeatedly recognized that marijuana's status as a Schedule I drug makes the application procedure onerous. NIDA Director Nora Volkow went so far equally to say last year that even she is reluctant to conduct studies on Schedule I drugs like cannabis because of the "cumbersome" rules that scientists face.
NIDA submitted a separate report to Congress in October emphasizing that the Schedule I condition of controlled substances such marijuana is preventing or otherwise discouraging enquiry into their potential risks and benefits.
A National Cancer Establish research team similarly complained about the administrative barriers of marijuana inquiry in a newspaper published late last year.
Several federal health agencies have worked to bolster cannabis science as the legalization movement spreads. In 2020, for case, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) highlighted funding opportunities for research into the therapeutic benefits of marijuana with an emphasis on pain management.
While the Schedule I restrictions remain challenging, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has taken steps to make substances like cannabis and psilocybin more available for research purposes past significantly increasing annual production quotas and ending the federal marijuana manufacturing monopoly.
Oregon Senators Approve Psilocybin Disinterestedness Bill In Committee
Science & Health
Don't Feed Marijuana Buds To Donkeys, New Written report Warns
Feeding donkeys fresh marijuana buds is inadvisable, according to a new study that looked at novel cases of cannabis toxicosis in 2 equine.
The study, published in the Journal of Veterinarian Diagnostic Investigation, investigated what happened afterwards a jack and jenny (the terms for male and female person donkeys, respectively) were fed a few grams of cannabis that was being legally grown for human being consumption.
The donkeys' symptoms sound a lot like what happens when a person takes an edible that's too strong. They presented as lethargic and their hearts were beating faster than normal, for case. But while it took longer to come downwards from the loftier for the donkeys compared to humans, with symptoms lasting 44 hours in the younger jenny earlier she was taken to the hospital, the written report says both "recovered uneventfully within 24 hours of pinnacle effects."
"Marijuana toxicosis is typically seen by companion beast veterinarians. However, with increased marijuana availability, there is a greater potential for toxicosis in other species," the report authors wrote. To the scientists' knowledge, this is the showtime study documenting cases of cannabis consumption in donkeys.
A positive outcome from the donkey highs was that scientists had a chance to experiment with testing procedures to ostend that the symptoms were due to exposure to cannabinoids. They used a "screening assay in collaboration with a veterinarian diagnostic laboratory," which the study authors said "may be useful when an equine practitioner suspects marijuana toxicosis in a patient."
While they were able to determine those cannabinoid concentrations in the donkeys' plasma, the researchers noted that more data is needed to figure out what dose of cannabis causes toxicosis in the species.
In terms of treating donkeys who ate as well much marijuana, the written report says practitioners could potentially utilize gastric lavage, administer activated charcoal or use laxatives.
"These adjunctive therapies are targeted at decreasing gastric absorption and facilitating excretion to limit the adverse clinical effects of cannabis," they wrote. "There is no scientific bear witness to support the do good of these therapies for marijuana toxicosis in equine patients. All the same, activated charcoal and gastric lavage are effective means of supportive treatment for marijuana toxicosis in canine patients."
The study doesn't straight comment on the ethics of feeding cannabis to donkeys, but as a full general dominion, people are discouraged from intentionally intoxicating animals and should take precautions to avoid accidental ingestion.
Another study released last year found that, patently, some canines are even getting intoxicated off marijuana by eating the feces of people who've consumed cannabis.
Separately, there is interest within the scientific community virtually the effects of not-intoxicating CBD in animals like dogs and horses.
Dogs with epilepsy feel considerably fewer seizures when treated with CBD oil, a study published in the journal Pet Behaviour Science in 2019 found.
The prior year, a separate study adamant that CBD can alleviate the symptoms of osteoarthritis in dogs.
The Nutrient and Drug Administration (FDA), for its part, has repeatedly warned pet owners about using CBD to care for firework-related anxiety in pets around the July four holiday.
Oregon Lawmakers File Psilocybin Disinterestedness Pecker Equally State Implements Legal Use Program
Photo courtesy of Flickr/Klearchos Kapoutsis.
Source: https://www.marijuanamoment.net/marijuana-consumption-booming-among-baby-boomers-study-finds/
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